A vaccine based on recombinant oncosphere antigens has proved to be an effective tool against T. The best diagnostic method for cerebral coenurosis involves the interpretation of clinical signs with accurate localization of the cyst using diagnostic imaging techniques. Non-cerebral coenurosis has been most commonly reported in goats. Acute coenurosis occurs as a result of oncospheres migrating through the CNS, while chronic coenurosis occurs as a consequence of the coenurus maturing, which causes displacement and pressure atrophy of brain tissue. The disease mostly affects young sheep and is referred to as either acute or chronic coenurosis. multiceps populations has revealed significant genetic variation and the presence of three major haplotypes. ![]() Molecular characterization using the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 of different T. multiceps has a worldwide distribution and is often fatal in intermediate hosts, which can result in substantial economic losses in livestock farming. Coenurosis caused by the larval stage of T. multiceps and its epidemiology, molecular characterization, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, control and zoonotic potential. This review covers all aspects of the life cycle of T. The larval stage, Coenurus cerebralis, is typically found in the central nervous system (CNS) of a wide range of livestock and, to a lesser extent, in the extra-cerebral tissues of sheep and goats. Taenia multiceps is a taeniid cestode that inhabits the small intestines of both wild and domestic carnivores. ![]() ![]() The economic damage caused by parasitic infections in undeveloped and developing countries continues to be high and making the need for control programs more serious. The treatment protocol for control and eradication of Coenurosis cerebralis was performed at the herd level, which was associated with a successful therapeutic response. The results showed diffuse meningoencephalitis with infiltration of multinucleated inflammatory cells, perivascular inflammation, cerebrovascular thrombosis, cochlear necrosis, and destruction of a large part of brain tissue due to parasitic migration suggesting an acute form of the disease. For further studies, radiographs were taken from the animals’ heads at standard views, and then, two of the dead animals were autopsied and histopathologically examined for brain tissue. ![]() Clinical examination showed no significant changes in vital signs and further hematobiochemical investigation revealed eosinophilia and hyperproteinemia in affected sheep. Five Lori sheep from a flock with neurological symptoms, seizures, and fatalities were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Lorestan University with a history of no antiparasitic treatment for the past 6 months. To improve description purposes in the present paper, neurological disorders of small ruminants are classified as follows: (a) congenital neurological disorders (vitamin A deficiency, copper deficiency, disorders of viral aetiology, disorders with a genetic background), (b) acquired neurological disorders with an acute course (acute coenurosis, Aujeszky’s disease, bacterial meningoencephalitis, botulism, copper deficiency, copper poisoning, disorders following injury, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, listeriosis, louping-ill, rare disorders of parasitic aetiology, pregnancy toxaemia, rabies, tetanus, tick paralysis, toxicoses, type D enterotoxaemia, vitamin B1 deficiency) and (c) acquired neurological disorders with a long-standing course (caprine arthritis-encephalitis, central nervous system abscesses, chronic coenurosis, neoplastic disorders, ovine lentiviral encephalomyelitis, scrapie).Ĭoenurosis is a parasitic disease in livestock animals caused by Taenia multiceps, whose adult parasite lives in the intestine of the Canidae and ruminants and the most important symptoms are nervous system involvement. Objective of the present review is the description of diagnostic approach in neurological cases in small ruminants.
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